Dependency Inversion Principle Common Smells and Violations

• A [[class]] explicitly creates one or more dependencies hiding them from a client
• A class uses [[non-deterministic dependencies]] like [[DateTime]] or [[Random]]
  • extract a class which works with non-deterministic dependencies and cover it by integration tests
  • create an [[adapter]]
• A class uses [[static dependencies]], very often [[singleton]]s

To remove the smells: - Extract a later of [[indirection]] and make high-level policies independent of low-level details - Adhere to the Single Responsibility Principle